采空塌陷区地表建筑物变形特征分析及破坏机理研究     

翟淑花  张长敏  齐干  冉淑红 《城市地质》2015,(Z1)

采空区建筑物的变形特性研究,一直是采空塌陷灾害的一个重要方向。本文以北京市房山区史家营乡大村涧村采空塌陷为背景,在充分分析采空区上方建筑物砖墙上裂缝形态及分布规律的基础上,从建筑物受力方面探讨了裂缝产生的原因,并采用数值模拟方法对采矿影响下建筑物的变形破坏机理进行浅析,研究结果不仅可为建筑物加固和维修提供依据,还可为采空塌陷区治理提供参考。  相似文献   

Anatomy of a subduction complex: architecture of the Franciscan Complex,California, at multiple length and time scales   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

John Wakabayashi 《International Geology Review》2015,57(5-8):669-746

The Franciscan Complex of California records over 150 million years of continuous E-dipping subduction that terminated with conversion to a dextral transform plate boundary. The Franciscan comprises mélange and coherent units forming a stack of thrust nappes, with significant along-strike variability, and downward-decreasing metamorphic grade and accretion ages. The Franciscan records progressive subduction, accretion, metamorphism, and exhumation, spanning the extended period of subduction, rather than events superimposed on pre-existing stratigraphy. High-pressure (HP) metamorphic rocks lack a thermal overprint, indicating continuity of subduction from subduction initiation at ca. 165 Ma to termination at ca. 25 Ma. Accretionary periods may have alternated with episodes of subduction erosion that removed some previously accreted material, but the complex collectively reflects a net addition of material to the upper plate. Mélanges (serpentinite and siliciclastic matrix) with exotic blocks have sedimentary origins as submarine mass transport deposits, whereas mélanges formed by tectonism comprise disrupted ocean plate stratigraphy and lack exotic blocks. The former are interbedded with and grade into coherent siliciclastic units. Palaeomegathrust horizons, separating nappes accreted at different times, appear restricted to narrow zones of <100 m thickness. Exhumation of Franciscan units, both coherent and mélange, was accommodated by significant extension of the hanging wall and cross-sectional extrusion. The amount of total exhumation, as well as exhumation since subduction termination, needs to be considered when comparing Franciscan architecture to modern and ancient subduction complexes. Equal dextral separation of folded Franciscan nappes and late Cenozoic (post-subduction) units across strands of the (post-subduction) San Andreas fault system shows that the folding of nappes took place prior to subduction termination. Dextral separation of similar clastic sedimentary suites in the Franciscan and the coeval Great Valley Group forearc basin is approximately that of the San Andreas fault system, precluding major syn-subduction strike-slip displacement within the Franciscan.  相似文献   

周期气压波对地壳应变场观测影响的若干因素分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张凌空  王广才  牛安福 《地震学报》2011,33(3):351-361

地壳应变场常用钻孔体应变仪进行测量,而周期为几分钟到几小时的短周期气压波是影响体应变仪工作的一种长期因素.本文以Evertson等人推导的体应变短周期气压干扰模型为基础,从理论上进一步探讨了体应变气压影响系数与气压周期、岩石弹性参数和井孔深度的关系及变化规律.由于体应变观测井孔存在耦合效应,又建立了大气压垂直载荷作用下观测井孔耦合系数计算方程,比较了在多重因素作用下体应变气压影响系数理论观测值与无孔岩石真实值之间的差异,并与涞水、顺义、东三旗和昌平台的Sacks体应变实际观测资料进行了比对分析.这对地震前兆微动态信息背景场的探索具有实际意义.   相似文献   

Broadband Analytical Solution to the Scattering of Plane SV Waves by Circular Cylindrical Canyons     

Zhong Hui  Zhang Yushan 《中国地震研究》2011,25(1):13-27

Based on Fourier-Bessel series expansion of wave functions,an analytical solution to 2-D scattering ofincident plane SV waves by circular cylindrical canyons with variable depthto-width ratios is deduced in this paper. Unlike other analytical solutions,this paper uses the asymptotic behavior of the cylindrical function to directly define the undetermined coefficients of scattered waves,thus,avoiding solving linear equation systems and the related numerical computation problems under high-frequency incident waves,thereby broadening the applicable frequency range of analytical solutions. Through comparison with existing analytical solutions,the correctness of this solution is demonstrated. Finally, the incident plane SV wave scattering effect under circular cylindrical canyons in wider frequency bands is explored.  相似文献   

六合体应变干扰因素与地震短临异常特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郑江蓉  徐徐  王俊  江昊琳 《地震工程学报》2011,33(1):84-90

利用江苏省南京市六合地震台钻孔体应变2003年1月1日至2008年12月31日的数字化观测资料,对气压和降雨这二种主要干扰因素的基本变化规律进行分析,讨论了发生在该台预报效能范围内的3次中强地震的短临异常特征.结果表明:气压变化在各个季节对观测值均有较大的影响,以短周期的正相关干扰影响为主,在时间上往往表现为准同步,相关系数能达到0.6～0.7以上;降雨对体应变的影响与降雨过程、降雨量及降雨时间等有密切的关系,持续降雨只有积累到一定程度才能促成固体潮畸变,这一过程虽较复杂,但仍有一定的规律可循.六合体应变对区域内中强地震有1～2月的突出短临异常变化.  相似文献   

自由场典型液化特征数值模拟试验     

何剑平  陈卫忠 《地震工程与工程振动》2011,31(2):162-169

应用FLAOD实现自由场液化数值模拟试验.试验结果验证了砂土液化典型特征:超静孔隙水压升高,有效应力降低,体积压缩积累增大.证实了液化的隔振作用:砂土在液化状态变为流体,不能传递剪力,液化时砂土位移、速度、加速度振幅显著降低,剪应力降低,动水向上渗流,土体向下沉降,水平残留不可恢复位移.球压应力、有效压应力、动水压力满...  相似文献   

福州地震台TJ-2型体积式应变仪安装及注水试验     

林国元 《华北地震科学》2011,29(1):53-56

在安装福州地震台TJ-2型体积式应变仪过程中,发现存在钻孔选点与观测室分开考虑等问题,提出一些建议。井孔注水试验结果揭示,该井孔探头顶部可能存在一个与探头近距离的含水层干扰。初步对气压、水位、降雨影响进行分析。  相似文献   

太康4．7级地震前地震活动图像和趋势分析     

林眉  刘希强  郑建常  徐长朋  冀东普 《地震地磁观测与研究》2011,32(4):7-11

对苏、鲁、皖、豫交界地区地震活动进行研究,指出该区2006年10月-2010年10月出现一个长轴约230km的3级地震空区。该空区及附近地区存在多项中期异常,即ML≥3地震活动具有频度高、能量强,中等地震震中空间分布相对集中及低b值等。讨论认为,苏、鲁、皖、豫交界地区存在多项中期异常,与2004年10月24日太康4．7级地震的强度不匹配,未来具有发生中强以上地震的危险。  相似文献   

Performance of mixed and enhanced finite elements for strain localization in hypoplasticity     

B. T. Trinh  K. Hackl 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2012,36(9):1125-1150

Displacement and mixed finite element formulations of shear localization in materials are presented. The formulations are based on hypoplastic constitutive laws for soils and the mixed enhanced treatment involving displacement, strain and stress rates as independently varied fields. Included in these formulations are the standard displacement method, the three‐field mixed formulation, the enhanced assumed strain method and the mixed enhanced strain method. Several numerical examples demonstrating the capability and performance of the different finite element formulations are presented. The numerical results are compared with available experimental data for Hostun RF sand and numerical results for Karlsruhe sand on biaxial tests. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A high strain‐rate constitutive model for sand and its application in finite‐element analysis of tunnels subjected to blast     

William Higgins  Tanusree Chakraborty  Dipanjan Basu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(15):2590-2610

The paper presents a constitutive model for simulating the high strain‐rate behavior of sands. Based on the concepts of critical‐state soil mechanics, the bounding surface plasticity theory and the overstress theory of viscoplasticity, the constitutive model simulates the high strain‐rate behavior of sands under uniaxial, triaxial and multi‐axial loading conditions. The model parameters are determined for Ottawa and Fontainebleau sands, and the performance of the model under extreme transient loading conditions is demonstrated through simulations of split Hopkinson pressure bar tests up to a strain rate of 2000/s. The constitutive model is implemented in a finite‐element analysis software Abaqus to analyze underground tunnels in sandy soil subjected to internal blast loads. Parametric studies are conducted to examine the effect of relative density and type of sand and of the depth of tunnel on the variation of stresses and deformations in the soil adjacent to the tunnels. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献